Preheat the oven to 400°F (200°C).
Season the chicken thighs on both sides with salt and black pepper.
In a small pot, warm up the chicken stock over medium-low heat.
Add a drizzle of olive oil in a large, oven-safe skillet and heat over medium-high heat. Add the chicken thighs, skin-side down, and cook until golden browned, about 3 minutes. Flip the chicken and brown the other side for another 3 minutes. Transfer the chicken to a plate and set aside.
In the same skillet, add another drizzle of olive oil. Add the shallots and garlic, and cook until softened and fragrant, about 3 minutes.
Add the olives to the skillet and cook for 1-2 minutes.
Add the white wine to the skillet and stir well to combine.
Return the chicken thighs to the skillet, skin-side up, and spoon some of the sauce over them. Add the sliced lemon and thyme sprigs to the skillet.
Pour the chicken broth over the chicken thighs and bring to a simmer.
Transfer the skillet to the preheated oven. Bake for 30-35 minutes, or until the chicken is cooked through and tender.
Remove the skillet from the oven and sprinkle with chopped parsley.
Serve the braised lemon chicken with olives hot, garnished with additional lemon slices and parsley, if desired.